Two Powers in Heaven

Understanding the ancient Israelite context for first century Judaism’s binitarian monotheism and the Christian Godhead

Archive for the ‘John 1:1-3’


Review of Important Book Relevant for Two Powers in Heaven Study

The book is that of Simon Gathercole: The Preexistent Son: Recovering the Christologies of Matthew, Mark, And Luke. The review is here.

Obviously, the focus of the work is the New Testament’s Christology, but there is a good deal of interaction with Second Temple material. Not much on tracing the two powers idea into the Old Testament and Israelite religion, but no one does that (which is why I had a good dissertation topic). I really need to get those articles out this year!

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A “Two Powers” Scholar You Should Know About: Daniel Boyarin

Daniel Boyarin is a professor of Jewish Studies at the University of California-Berkeley. Like Alan Segal before him, he is a Jewish scholar with a special interest in the two powers “heresy”. I’ve attached a PDF of his important Harvard Theological Reivew article, “The Gospel of the Memra: Jewish Binitarianism and the Prologue to John” (John 1:1-14). It’s a terrific piece of scholarship that demonstrates that John primarily got his doctrine of the Logos from the Old Testament and his own Jewish context, not pagan Greco-Roman thinking.

It’s scholarship like this that makes me (and others) groan when people like Bart Ehrman want to argue that the idea of Jesus being God was a late invention of the early church.

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